| 제목 | The distribution and function of the cranial nerve | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | 관리자 | Date | 2014-07-02 |
내용
The distribution and function of the cranial nerve
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| Nerve | Function |
|---|---|
| Ⅰ.Olfactory | The nerve responsible for smell, it is fiber that comes out of the sensory nerve in the mucous membrane of the upper region of the nasal cavity. It goes through the ethmoid foramen into the anterior cranial fossa and arrives at the olfactory bulb of the brain. |
| Ⅱ.Optic | The nerve responsible for vision, the fibers from the sensory nerve in the retina come together to form it. |
| Ⅲ.Oculomotor |
It consists of the motor nerves that control the superior rectus, the inferior rectus, the medial rectus, the inferior oblique, and the levator palpebrae superioris. The parasympathetic nerve that is responsible for the constriction of the pupil is also included. |
| Ⅳ.Trochlear | Motor nerve that only controls the superior oblique. |
| Ⅴ.Trigeminal |
It is a mixed nerve composed of sensory nerve and motor nerve and is the thickest among the cranial nerves. The sensory part is divided into the ophthalmic nerve, the maxillary nerve, and the mandibular nerve. They distribute to the facial skin, the membrane of the nasal and oral cavity, and the teeth and control the senses. The motor part controls a little bit of small muscles such as the muscle of mastication. |
| Ⅵ.Abducens | Among the ocular muscles, it is the nerve distributed in the lateral rectus muscle and it enables the eyeball to rotate outwards. |
| Ⅶ.Facial | Most are motor nerves that control the muscle of expression. |
| Ⅷ.Auditory (Vestibulocochlear) | It is divided into vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve. The vestibular nerve is distributed into the semicircular duct, utricle, and saccule of the inner ear and is responsible for the sense of equilibrium. The cochlear nerve is distributed to the cochlear duct and is responsible for hearing. |
| Ⅸ. Glossopharyngeal | It includes sensory, motor, and sense of taste. It is a mixed nerve comprised of the sense of taste of the tongue, the sensation of pharynx and middle ear mucosa, the motor neuron that controls a part of the pharyngeal muscle, and the parasympathetic fibers that control the secretion of the parotid gland. |
| Ⅹ.Vagus | It is the longest of the cranial nerves and since it was not possible to learn its distribution in detail, it was named vagus. It is mostly parasympathetic and it is distributed in the head, the neck, the chest, and the abdomen. In the head, the sensory fiber goes to the auricle and the external auditory canal. It branches to the pharynx, larynx, and the heart from the neck and to the bronchus and the esophagus from the chest. With the exception of the lower region of the large intestine and the pelvic viscera, the vagus nerve is distributed to most of the internal organs of the abdomen. The recurrent nerve that branched off the thoracic cavity is distributed to the laryngeal muscle and the laryngeal mucosa. If the recurrent nerve is paralyzed, it interferes with vocalization and causes hoarse voice. |
| ⅩⅠ. Accessory | It is a pure motor nerve that was separated from the vagus nerve. It goes out partly from the medulla oblongata and the upper region of the spine to the trapezius in the shoulder and the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck area. |
| ⅩⅡ. Hypoglossal | It is motor nerve that controls the infrahyoid muscle and toungue and is responsible for the movement of the tongue. |
