Menopausal stages and overactive bladder symptoms in middle-aged women: A cross-sectional study

Jungeun Park ^1 2, Yoosoo Chang ^1 3 4, Jae Heon Kim ⁵, Hye Rin Choi ^2 6, Ria Kwon ^1 2, Ga-Young Lim ^1 2, Jiin Ahn ¹, Kye-Hyun Kim ⁷, Hoon Kim ⁸, Yun Soo Hong ^9 10, Di Zhao ⁹, Juhee Cho ^11 12, Eliseo Guallar ¹³, Hyun-Young Park ¹⁴, Seungho Ryu ^1 3 4

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• PMID: 38992913
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• DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17912

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Abstract

Objective: To examine the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) according to menopausal stages in middle-aged women.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Total Healthcare Center in South Korea.

Population: Middle-aged Korean women (n=3469, mean age, 49.5 ± 2.9 years).

Methods: Menopausal stages were defined according to the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop +10 criteria, and menopausal symptoms were assessed using the Korean version of Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL). Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals for OAB according to menopausal stage and to assess the associations with menopausal symptoms.

Main outcome measures: OAB symptoms were evaluated using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS).

Results: The prevalence of OAB increased with menopausal stage; however, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios for women in menopausal transition and postmenopausal stage were insignificant (p_trend = 0.160) compared to those for premenopausal women. Among individual OAB symptoms, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios for nocturia increased with menopausal stage in a dose-response manner (p_trend = 0.005 for 1 time/day; p_trend < 0.001 for ≥2 times/day). The association between menopausal stages and nocturia occurring ≥2 times/day was evident in women without OAB and with relatively high MENQOL scores, vasomotor symptoms and difficulty sleeping.

Conclusions: The prevalence of OAB, particularly nocturia, increased with menopausal stage, and the association was obvious in women with other menopausal symptoms. This finding underscores the importance of addressing nocturia as a potential menopausal symptom in middle-aged women. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms linking OAB with menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women.

Keywords: menopause; middle?aged women; nocturia; overactive bladder.

© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.