Cerebral Aneurysm

A cerebral aneurysm is a condition in which a weakened area of an artery in the brain bulges outward due to damage or thinning of the vessel wall. Most aneurysms are smaller than 10 mm, while those measuring 25 mm or larger are referred to as “giant aneurysms.”

In most cases, unruptured cerebral aneurysms cause no symptoms. Rarely, if the aneurysm is very large or compresses nearby brain structures, localized neurological symptoms may occur.

When a cerebral aneurysm ruptures, it typically causes subarachnoid hemorrhage, in which blood leaks into the space surrounding the brain. Less commonly, it can result in intracerebral hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage. Classic symptoms of rupture include:

• Sudden, severe headache often described as “the worst headache of my life”
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stiff neck
• Neurological deficits depending on the site of bleeding

Severe cases may progress to decreased consciousness, coma, or death.

The exact cause of cerebral aneurysm formation is not fully understood. However, aneurysms are believed to develop in areas of high vascular stress. Several risk factors increase the likelihood of aneurysm formation and rupture, including:

• Smoking
• Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Family history of aneurysms
• Increasing age
• Female sex

Although not all aneurysms can be prevented, reducing modifiable risk factors helps lower the risk:

• Quit smoking
• Limit alcohol intake
• Maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine
• Manage blood pressure

Individuals with a family history of cerebral aneurysm should undergo proactive screening and consult a neurospecialist for personalized recommendations.