Childhood Sleep Apnea

1. Initial Evaluation

Healthcare professional reviews the child’s medical history and symptoms. A thorough physical exam is conducted focusing on the head, neck, nose, mouth, and tongue. Identification of anatomical factors such as enlarged tonsils and adenoids that may cause airway blockage.

2. Polysomnogram (Sleep Study)

The primary diagnostic test for confirming pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. An overnight test typically performed at a specialized sleep center.

Sensors placed on the child’s body to monitor:

• Brain waves (EEG)
• Breathing patterns
• Oxygen levels in the blood
• Heart rate
• Muscle activity

1. Collaborative Approach

Healthcare providers work with families to select the best treatment tailored to the child's symptoms and risk factors.

2. Primary Treatment - Surgery

Adenotonsillectomy (removal of tonsils and adenoids) is usually the first choice, especially for moderate to severe cases. Referral to a pediatric ENT specialist may be necessary for surgical evaluation.

3. Watchful Waiting

Mild to moderate cases might improve without intervention. Close monitoring for up to six months can be recommended, sometimes combined with allergy or airway irritation treatments.

4. Medications

Nasal steroid sprays (e.g., fluticasone, budesonide) can reduce airway inflammation. Allergy medications like montelukast may help when used alone or alongside nasal steroids.

5. Breathing Therapies

Positive airway pressure devices (CPAP/BPAP) deliver gentle airflow via a mask to keep airways open during sleep. Regular mask adjustments improve comfort as the child grows.

6. Additional Surgical Options

Other airway surgeries might be advised depending on the child’s specific anatomy and response to initial treatments.