Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis, often called “pink eye,” is inflammation of the conjunctiva — the clear tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. This inflammation causes blood vessels in the conjunctiva to become more visible, giving the eye a pink or red appearance. Symptoms may include itching, tearing, a gritty feeling, eye discharge that may crust overnight, and sensitivity to light. Conjunctivitis is common and usually not serious, but its cause determines whether it is contagious or requires medical treatment.

• Viral infections: The most common cause, often associated with colds or respiratory illnesses. Highly contagious.
• Bacterial infections: Caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae. May produce thicker discharge and can spread quickly in schools or daycare.
• Allergic conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Usually affects both eyes.
• Irritants: Smoke, chlorine in swimming pools, or chemical exposure.
• Risk factors: Close contact with infected individuals, poor hand hygiene, use of contaminated cosmetics or contact lenses, and seasonal allergies.

Most mild cases improve in a week without treatment, but medical care is needed if:

• Eye pain, blurred vision, or sensitivity to light develops
• Redness is intense or persistent
• Symptoms occur in a newborn or infant
• Thick yellow-green discharge is present or eyelids stick together

Prompt evaluation is also important if you wear contact lenses and develop eye redness, as this may signal a more serious eye infection.