Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels. In the context of symptoms, undiagnosed or uncontrolled diabetes often causes excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, and unintended weight loss.
Causes and Risk Factors of Diabetes
- Type 1 diabetes: Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
- Type 2 diabetes: Insulin resistance combined with impaired insulin secretion, often related to excess weight and physical inactivity.
- Gestational diabetes: Hormonal changes during pregnancy that interfere with insulin action.
- Other factors: Certain endocrine disorders, medications such as corticosteroids.
- Risk factors: Family history, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol, age over 45, certain ethnic backgrounds (African American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander).
When to Seek Medical Care
Contact a healthcare provider if you experience:
- Persistent excessive thirst or urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Blurred vision or frequent infections
Seek immediate emergency care for symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis: nausea, vomiting, rapid breathing, fruity-scented breath, confusion, or loss of consciousness.