Itching (Pruritus)

Itching, or pruritus, is an uncomfortable sensation that creates the urge to scratch. It can be localized to one area or affect the whole body. While often related to dry skin or allergies, persistent or generalized itching can indicate more serious conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, or thyroid disorders.

• Skin-related causes: Dry skin, eczema, psoriasis, allergic reactions, insect bites.
• Infections: Fungal infections (athlete’s foot, yeast), scabies, chickenpox.
• Systemic conditions: Liver disease, kidney failure, thyroid disorders, iron deficiency anemia, diabetes.
• Other causes: Pregnancy, certain medications (opioids, antibiotics), stress or mental health disorders.
• Risk factors: Advanced age (dry skin), history of allergies, chronic illnesses, recent changes in medications or skin products.

See a doctor if itching is severe, persistent, or affects your daily life; if it is accompanied by jaundice, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or fever; or if scratching causes skin damage and signs of infection (redness, swelling, pus).