Menopause Symptoms

Menopause is the natural end of menstrual cycles, defined as 12 months without a period, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55. The transition, known as perimenopause, can last several years and is characterized by hormonal changes that cause physical and emotional symptoms. Common menopause symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, irregular periods, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and sleep disturbances.

• Causes: Declining estrogen and progesterone levels as ovarian function decreases.
• Risk factors for earlier or more severe symptoms:

Smoking

Family history of early menopause

Chemotherapy or pelvic radiation

Hysterectomy or surgical removal of ovaries

Certain autoimmune or chromosomal conditions

Consult a healthcare provider if menopause symptoms are severe, disrupt sleep or quality of life, or include vaginal bleeding after menopause. Medical evaluation is also important if hot flashes are accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats.