Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Symptoms

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease in which the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms vary widely depending on the location and extent of nerve damage. Common early symptoms include numbness or weakness in the limbs, vision problems, tingling sensations, balance difficulties, fatigue, and cognitive changes.

• Cause: Autoimmune attack on central nervous system myelin; exact trigger unknown.
• Risk factors:

Age 20–40 at onset

Female sex (women are affected more than men)

Family history of MS

Low vitamin D or limited sunlight exposure

Previous viral infections (e.g., Epstein–Barr virus)

Certain geographic regions (more common in northern latitudes)

See a doctor if you develop unexplained numbness, vision changes, muscle weakness, or balance problems. Early evaluation by a neurologist is critical for diagnosis and treatment planning. Seek urgent care if symptoms develop suddenly, such as vision loss, severe weakness, or inability to walk.