Prostate Cancer Symptoms

Prostate cancer develops in the prostate gland, which produces seminal fluid in men. In its early stages, prostate cancer often causes no symptoms. As it advances, men may notice urinary problems, blood in urine or semen, or pelvic discomfort. Because many of these symptoms overlap with noncancerous prostate conditions, screening and medical evaluation are important.

• Causes: Exact cause is unknown, but cancer develops when genetic mutations cause prostate cells to grow uncontrollably.
• Risk factors:

Age over 50

Family history of prostate cancer

African American race (higher risk and more aggressive disease)

Diet high in red meat or dairy, obesity, lack of exercise

Inherited genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1/BRCA2)

See a doctor if you experience:

• Difficulty urinating, weak or interrupted urine stream
• Blood in urine or semen
• Persistent pain in the hips, back, or chest
• Erectile dysfunction or unexplained weight loss

Routine screening discussions are recommended for men beginning in their 50s, or earlier if high risk.