Sore Throat

A sore throat is pain, irritation, or scratchiness of the throat that often worsens with swallowing. It may be accompanied by hoarseness, swollen glands, or cough. Most cases are caused by viral infections, though bacterial infections such as strep throat are also possible.

Common causes include viral infections (cold, flu), bacterial infections (Group A strep), allergies, dry air, smoking or exposure to irritants, and acid reflux. Children and adolescents are more likely to develop bacterial sore throats. Risk also increases with exposure to sick contacts or crowded living conditions.

See a healthcare provider if a sore throat lasts longer than a week, is severe, or is accompanied by high fever, rash, difficulty breathing or swallowing, blood in saliva, or enlarged lymph nodes. Testing may be needed to distinguish viral from bacterial causes.