UTI Symptoms (Urinary Tract Infection)

A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enter and multiply within the urinary system — usually the bladder and urethra, and sometimes the kidneys. Common symptoms include a strong and persistent urge to urinate, burning or pain with urination, frequent urination of small amounts, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and pelvic discomfort. If the infection reaches the kidneys, fever, back pain, nausea, or vomiting may develop.

Most UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli, bacteria normally found in the digestive tract. Risk factors include being female (shorter urethra), frequent sexual activity, menopause (hormonal changes that alter urinary tract defenses), use of urinary catheters, diabetes, and a history of recurrent infections.

Call your doctor if you experience severe pelvic pain, fever or chills, flank pain, blood in the urine, or symptoms that do not improve within 48 hours. In children, older adults, and people with weakened immunity, even mild UTIs may progress quickly and should be evaluated early.