Vomiting

Vomiting, or emesis, is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. It is a symptom, not a disease, and can result from temporary irritation or more serious medical problems. Vomiting may occur alone or with nausea, abdominal pain, fever, or diarrhea.

• Common causes: Viral gastroenteritis (“stomach flu”), food poisoning, motion sickness, pregnancy.
• Medical conditions: Migraine, appendicitis, gallbladder disease, intestinal obstruction, kidney infection.
• Medications and toxins: Chemotherapy drugs, alcohol, opioids, contaminated food or water.
• Risk factors: Children (more prone to dehydration), pregnant women, people with chronic illnesses, those traveling in areas with poor sanitation.

Seek care if vomiting is persistent, severe, or associated with:

• Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, little urination, dizziness)
• Blood or material resembling coffee grounds in vomit
• Severe abdominal pain or chest pain
• High fever, stiff neck, severe headache, or confusion

Children and older adults should be evaluated sooner due to higher risk of complications.