Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria. It is named for the characteristic “whooping” sound made when gasping for air after a coughing fit. Symptoms often begin like a common cold — runny nose, mild cough, and low-grade fever — but progress to severe coughing fits that can last for weeks.

Cause

• Infection with Bordetella pertussis, spread through respiratory droplets.

Risk factors

• Infants under 12 months who are too young to be fully vaccinated
• Children and adults not up to date on pertussis vaccines
• Living in or exposure to crowded environments
• Healthcare workers or caregivers exposed to sick individuals

Seek immediate care if coughing is severe, prolonged, or causes vomiting, exhaustion, or difficulty breathing. Infants with whooping cough may not cough at all but can have dangerous pauses in breathing (apnea). Hospital care may be required, especially for babies.