Bariatric Surgery (Weight-Loss Surgery)

Bariatric surgery includes procedures that help people with severe obesity lose weight by altering the stomach or digestive system. Common types are gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding. These surgeries can improve or resolve weight-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and heart disease.

• A thorough medical evaluation, blood tests, and imaging are usually required.
• Patients may need to follow a special diet or lose a small amount of weight before surgery.
• Stop smoking and avoid alcohol in the weeks prior.
• Review all medications with your doctor, as some may need to be adjusted.

Most bariatric surgeries are performed laparoscopically under general anesthesia. Small incisions are made in the abdomen, and surgical instruments reshape or bypass parts of the stomach and intestine. The procedure typically lasts 1–3 hours.

• Bleeding, infection, or leakage at surgical sites.
• Blood clots in the legs or lungs.
• Nutritional deficiencies requiring lifelong supplementation.
• Possible need for additional surgery if complications occur.

Weight loss is most rapid in the first 6–12 months. Long-term success depends on lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise. Regular follow-up visits are essential to monitor nutrition and overall health.