Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy uses a flexible tube with a camera to examine the inside of the colon and rectum. It is the most reliable method to detect and remove precancerous polyps and diagnose colorectal cancer. It is also performed to evaluate chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, or unexplained abdominal pain.

• Follow a bowel prep regimen prescribed by your doctor to empty the colon, typically involving laxatives and a clear liquid diet the day before.
• Avoid red or purple liquids that could mimic blood during the test.
• Discuss medications, such as blood thinners, with your doctor before the procedure.
• Arrange for transportation home since sedation will be used.

You will receive sedatives or anesthesia for comfort. Lying on your side, the colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and guided through the colon. The procedure generally lasts 30–60 minutes. The doctor may remove polyps or take biopsies during the exam.

• Bleeding: Most often minor and associated with polyp removal.
• Perforation: A rare tear in the colon wall.
• Sedation effects: Possible breathing or blood pressure changes.

Biopsy results are usually available within a few days. Based on results and your risk factors, your provider will recommend when to return for your next screening.