Endoscopy (Upper Endoscopy, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy)

Endoscopy allows direct visualization of the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a light and camera. While “endoscopy” can refer to different areas, the most common is upper endoscopy (EGD), which examines the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine.

Doctors use endoscopy to:

• Investigate persistent heartburn, abdominal pain, bleeding, nausea, or difficulty swallowing.
• Detect ulcers, gastritis, polyps, tumors, or celiac disease.
• Perform biopsies or minor treatments (removing polyps, controlling bleeding, dilating narrowed areas).

• Do not eat or drink for at least 6–8 hours before the test.
• Inform your doctor about medications, especially blood thinners, diabetes drugs, or heart medications.
• Arrange for transportation home, as sedation will make it unsafe to drive.
• Notify your provider if you have allergies, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions such as bleeding disorders.

You will receive sedation through an IV to keep you comfortable and relaxed. A mouthguard is placed, and the endoscope is gently inserted through the mouth and down the throat. The doctor inspects the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, sometimes taking tissue samples. The procedure usually takes 15–30 minutes. Afterward, you will rest in a recovery area until the sedation wears off.

• Temporary sore throat, bloating, or drowsiness from sedation.
• Rare but serious risks include bleeding (especially if a biopsy is done), perforation of the digestive tract, or reaction to sedatives.

If biopsies are taken, results are usually available within 3-5 working days. Your doctor will review the findings, explain whether further treatment (such as medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery) is needed, and plan follow-up care.