Fasciotomy

A fasciotomy is surgery to relieve pressure within a muscle compartment. It is most often performed as an emergency treatment for acute compartment syndrome, a painful condition where swelling restricts blood flow and threatens permanent muscle and nerve damage.

• In emergencies, preparation is minimal and focused on rapid diagnosis.
• In planned cases, review medical history, imaging, and lab tests as instructed.
• Stop blood-thinning medications if time allows.

Under anesthesia, the surgeon makes one or more long incisions through the skin and fascia covering the muscle, releasing pressure. Wounds may be temporarily left open and covered with a dressing or vacuum device, with closure or grafting done later.

• Infection, bleeding, or delayed wound healing.
• Scarring or skin graft requirement.
• Persistent weakness or numbness if damage was severe before surgery.

Prompt fasciotomy usually prevents permanent disability. Recovery involves wound care, physical therapy, and follow-up visits to monitor healing and function.