Polypectomy

A polypectomy is the removal of polyps—abnormal tissue growths that develop on the lining of organs such as the colon, stomach, uterus, or nose. In the digestive tract, polyps are common and can sometimes progress to cancer if not removed. Polypectomy plays a vital role in cancer prevention, particularly in colorectal cancer screening.

• Preparation depends on the site:
  - Colon polypectomy: requires full bowel cleansing with a prescribed preparation solution.
  - Stomach or esophagus: fasting for at least 6–8 hours is needed.
• Inform your doctor of medications, allergies, and medical history.
• Blood thinners or certain diabetes medications may need temporary adjustment.

Polypectomy is usually performed during colonoscopy or upper endoscopy under sedation. A wire loop (snare) is placed around the polyp and electrical current (cautery) is applied to cut and remove it. Small polyps may be removed with forceps. Most procedures take 20–60 minutes, depending on number and size of polyps.

• Common risks: mild bleeding at the removal site, which usually stops on its own.
• Less common risks: perforation of the bowel or stomach wall, post-polypectomy syndrome (localized pain and inflammation), or infection.
• Sedation-related risks, such as drowsiness or breathing issues, are rare but possible.

Polyps are sent to a pathology lab to determine if they are benign, precancerous, or cancerous. Follow-up intervals for repeat colonoscopy depend on the type, size, and number of polyps removed. Polypectomy is one of the most effective strategies for reducing colorectal cancer risk.