Ultrasound (Sonography)

Ultrasound, also called sonography, uses high-frequency sound waves to create live images of the inside of the body. It is widely used because it is noninvasive, radiation-free, and safe during pregnancy.

Doctors use ultrasound to:

• Assess abdominal organs (liver, gallbladder, kidneys, pancreas, spleen).
• Monitor pregnancy and evaluate fetal growth and health.
• Detect blood flow problems using Doppler ultrasound.
• Guide procedures such as biopsies, fluid drainage, or catheter placement.

• • Preparation depends on the area being studied
  - Abdomen: fasting for 8–12 hours helps reduce bowel gas.
  - Pelvis (e.g., uterus, bladder): a full bladder improves visibility; you may be asked to drink water before the scan.
  - Vascular or soft tissue: usually no preparation needed.
• Wear comfortable clothing; you may be asked to change into a gown.
• Inform your provider about prior imaging studies and any implants or medical devices.

You will lie on an exam table. A water-based gel is applied to the skin to help the sound waves transmit. A handheld device called a transducer is moved across the skin, producing images in real time on a monitor. Most ultrasounds last 15–45 minutes. The procedure is painless, though you may feel mild pressure when the transducer is pressed against the skin.

• Ultrasound is considered very safe, with no known harmful effects when performed properly.
• Occasionally, the procedure may cause temporary mild discomfort from probe pressure, especially during pelvic or abdominal exams.

A radiologist or specialist interprets the images and sends a report to your doctor. Based on findings, your provider may recommend further imaging (e.g., CT, MRI) or specific treatments.