Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome

Pediatric nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. It results from increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane. While most cases are idiopathic and respond to steroids, some may be secondary to underlying systemic diseases or genetic disorders.

• Generalized edema (face, abdomen, legs)
• Frothy or foamy urine
• Decreased urine output
• Fatigue or irritability
• Loss of appetite
• Weight gain due to fluid retention
• In severe cases: infections or thromboembolism

• Idiopathic (most common in children)
• Genetic mutations affecting podocyte function
• Secondary to infections (e.g., hepatitis, malaria), autoimmune diseases, or medications

Nephrotic syndrome is not usually preventable, but recurrence and complications can be minimized by:

• Adhering to prescribed medications (especially corticosteroids)
• Prompt treatment of infections
• Regular follow-up with a pediatric nephrologist
• Educating families on recognizing signs of relapse