Penile Cancer

Early diagnosis is essential.

Physical examination

Some lesions can be identified visually.

Biopsy

If cancer is suspected, a biopsy of the penile lesion (under local anesthesia) or inguinal lymph node may be performed for confirmation.

Imaging tests

Once diagnosed, further tests help determine the extent of spread:

• Ultrasound or MRI of the groin to evaluate lymph nodes
• Chest X-ray and CT scan to assess for distant metastasis
• Bone scan if bone involvement is suspected

Treatment depends on the stage and extent of disease:

• Surgery: May involve partial or total removal of the tumor and, if necessary, lymph node dissection.
• Radiation therapy or chemotherapy: May be used as adjuvant (post-surgical) therapy or in advanced cases.
• Organ-preserving approaches: For selected early-stage lesions, topical therapy, laser therapy, or limited excision may be considered.